California political analysts say inflation and voter confusion contributed to the failure of propositions to raise the minimum wage and allow stronger rent control.
Proposition 33 would have allowed local governments to pass strict new rent-control ordinances.
Christian Grose, professor of political science and public policy at the University of Southern California's Dornsife College and Price School of Public Policy, said voters may have found the measure to be overly complex.
"We did some polling on this back in September, and we found a lot of people were undecided," Grose said. "I think it's a confusing initiative for a lot of voters, and so often when people aren't certain what the effects are going to be, they'll just vote no."
Opponents of Prop. 33 argued that more rent control would discourage construction of new rental units, thus thwarting attempts to increase the supply of housing.
Proposition 32 would have raised the minimum wage to $18 an hour for companies that have 26 or more employees, and to $17 for smaller companies.
Grose called the defeat surprising, as California recently raised the minimum wage -- but only for fast-food workers.
"With inflation, there's some concerns about raising minimum wage will then lead to increased costs. So people who traditionally would support minimum wage maybe are opposed," he said.
Opponents of Prop. 32 warned it would have hurt California businesses and led to an increase in the cost of goods and services.
Keely O'Brien, policy advocate with the Western Center on Law and Poverty, said Prop. 32 would have helped the working poor at a time when poverty is the highest it has been in years.
"In early 2023, 31% of California residents were either poor or near poor, and nearly 76% of poor Californians lived in families with at least one working adult. So these are not, these are families who are working. They're often working really hard, and they're still not. They still don't have the resources that they need," O'Brien said.
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The United Auto Workers union is negotiating its first union contract with Volkswagen at its Chattanooga plant, covering more than 4,000 members.
The union said its key demands include higher wages, affordable health benefits and retirement protections.
Steve Cochran, co chair of the bargaining committee, said the workers should have the same pay structure as the other automotive groups recognized in contracts with the United Auto Workers.
"Right now, at the end of the Big Three's contract, compared to what we have now is 24% higher," Cochran pointed out. "We're asking for right at about a 24% pay raise over the length of our contract, just to get us equal with the Big Three."
Cochran noted Volkswagen has offered a 16.5% raise over four years, leaving them several percentage points behind the current rates of the Big Three automakers. He added the cost-of-living raises are capped, unlike theirs. The Big Three -- Ford, General Motors and Chrysler -- were the first Southern autoworkers to unionize.
Cochran noted affordable health insurance is a key demand. His family plan costs around $400 a month, totaling $11,000 a year with deductibles and out-of-pocket expenses, an amount he said is unaffordable for many workers. He added some UAW autoworkers have secured fully paid family coverage with low co-pays.
"Some of us have to make a decision based on, 'Am I going to pay for this doctor visit and get this treatment, or am I going to pay my mortgage?'" Cochran observed. "We've had several members take 401(k) loans out, for example, or they may even remortgage your house. We've had several had to file bankruptcy."
Cochran emphasized the company recently eliminated its attendance bonus, which offered 8% of quarterly wages for perfect attendance. However, the strict policy meant even missing a single minute would forfeit the entire bonus.
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A bipartisan nonprofit group in Michigan is opposing pending legislation which would reverse a Michigan Supreme Court ruling, stripping paid sick leave and minimum wage protections, slated to take effect this month.
In 2018, Michigan voters approved initiatives to raise the minimum wage and provide paid sick leave but the GOP-led Legislature amended them in the same session, which the court ruled was unconstitutional.
Michigan's minimum wage is currently slated to rise to $12.48 on Feb. 21 and reach $14.97 by 2028.
Monique Stanton, president and CEO of the Michigan League for Public Policy, stressed how the proposed laws would affect Michiganders, especially low-income residents.
"If you get sick, your child breaks their leg, and you need to take a day or two off from work, you're not able to do so," Stanton pointed out. "That means you're making a choice between taking care of your child or being able to pay your utility bills, or being able to make your rent."
The new proposed legislation sets the minimum wage at $12 an hour this year, with tipped wages at 38% of the regular wage. If it becomes law, some Michigan workers' yearly pay will be reduced by $1,000 to $2,400 in the coming years.
Stanton noted polling data revealed keeping the paid sick leave and minimum wage increase has support from both Republicans and Democrats. She added her group is engaging with Michigan residents, businesses and other organizations to raise awareness and gain support.
"This is an issue that really will help people make ends meet, especially as we're worried about the economy and the costs of prices going up," Stanton stressed. "Both the boost to the minimum wage as well that protection for earned sick time are really essential."
The new bills have passed in the House and are now headed to the Senate. If they become law, the change will take effect on Feb 21.
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Pennsylvania lawmakers return to Harrisburg on Monday, facing renewed pressure to address long-standing issues, including improving the economy and education.
Advocates said it is a crucial opportunity to make meaningful progress on many policies.
Gillian Kratzer, deputy director of the advocacy group Better Pennsylvania, said one key priority Democrats are focused on is improving school funding.
"Making sure that we are equipping schools to do the best that they can for every child in every school district," Kratzer emphasized. "Obviously last year, we had the court case that laid out, finally, that Pennsylvania does not have fair funding for schools, which is part of our state constitution."
Kratzer noted her group anticipates Gov. Josh Shapiro's third budget address on Feb. 4. In the last budget, Shapiro made the largest investment in Commonwealth history for K-12 public education, at just over $1 billion.
Medical marijuana is legal in Pennsylvania but not for recreational use. In the face of a budget shortfall, Kratzer acknowledged it will take bipartisan support, especially from the Republican-controlled state Senate, to secure new revenue sources, which could include legalizing recreational marijuana use.
"Something that we will hopefully see get done this year is doing something on recreational marijuana," Kratzer observed. "As a state, we have to find new sources of revenue, because we are either going to have to dip into our rainy day fund or raise taxes."
She added the state minimum wage remains stagnant at $7.25 an hour. A bill to raise it will be reintroduced. And she stressed the need for lawmakers to consider paid family leave, as the U.S. falls behind globally on the family-friendly policy.
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