Half of Americans go to work every day in the service industry, doing clerical work or in construction and other manual labor jobs but fewer than 2% of state lawmakers have any experience in working-class jobs, according to a new report.

Nicholas Carnes, political scientist at Duke University and co-author of the report, said when a broad section of the workforce is not represented, their concerns can be missed in critical policy decisions. He pointed to the old political saying: "If you're not at the table, you're on the menu."

"If there's a problem facing most lawyers, you can be darn sure the state legislature's going to care about it," Carnes asserted. "But if there's a problem facing working class people, our institutions can miss it when we have so few in office."

Just 1% of Republicans, and 2% of Democrats in state legislatures came from working class occupations in 2023. The report echoed warnings by Northwestern and Princeton University researchers American democracy has become a plutocracy. While ordinary voters have virtually zero impact on national policies, the decisions are dominated by wealthy individuals and business interests.

Carnes emphasized state legislatures make decisions with significant consequences and if an entire economic class of people are not in the room when policy decisions are being made, it can have a huge effect on the kinds of problems getting addressed, as well as proposed solutions.

"If no one in the room has been on what we used to call food stamps, is the $15 a month reduction a big deal?" Carnes asked. "No, it's not a big deal ... well yeah, it actually is a big deal for some people."

Very few Coloradans can support a family on $44,000 a year, the current salary for state legislators, or take time off work and raise the amount of money needed to run an effective campaign. Carnes believes getting state legislatures to better reflect the population they represent will take some work.

"Democracy's a good thing," Carnes noted. "But this is an unintended side effect of just how burdensome it is to run for office in any setting. And so, we need to think about targeted interventions that will make running for office more accessible to working-class people."

Support for this reporting was provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York.


get more stories like this via email

Texas is the number one exporting state in the nation - and although tariffs with Mexico and Canada have been delayed, Texans are still uneasy about their financial future. President Donald Trump has levied a 145% tariff on products from China, with all other countries subject to a 10% tariff.

Ray Perryman, economics professor at the International Institute for Advanced Studies says as the trade wars continue, Texans can expect to pay higher prices for everything.

"When steel and aluminum cost more and lumber costs more, that means houses cost more. There's a lot of cars that are made in Texas, where various pieces of it cross the border five or six times. So, when you start levying a 25% tariff every time something crosses the border, that's when you start adding thousands of dollars to the price of a car," he said.

Mexico is the top import-export market for the Lone Star State. And Texas companies imported almost $160 billion in goods last year.

A report by the Perryman Group estimates if the tariffs with China remain in place, and tariffs with Mexico and Canada are unfrozen, Texas would lose more than $50 billion a year and more than 400,000 jobs. Perryman adds the uncertainty of the markets is crippling.

"One of the worst things for an economy is uncertainty, because if you're not sure what's going to happen, you don't know what to do. And most people respond to that by not doing anything. You don't want to bring out a new product, you don't want to build a new plant, you don't want to hire more people, you don't want to make a big purchase if you're uncertain about the future," he continued.

Perryman predicts if tariffs with Mexico and Canada go into effect, all the tariffs combined would cost each American household an additional $1,500 a year.


get more stories like this via email

New residents of West Virginia can now use professional and occupational licenses issued in other states. Gov. Patrick Morrisey, who signed the bill into law last week, says the change will help boost the state's workforce. Senate Bill 458 allows professionals to practice statewide without taking local exams to maintain their license or certification.

Dr. Andy Tanner, with Vandalia Health, said the law will boost the medical workforce and help people get the care they need.

"And a lot of times, what happens is we recruit physicians, they agree to come, and then there's a delay in their license, and most of these folks are coming from out of state," he explained.

Nearly 1 in 5 Americans need a license to work. According to the Institute for Justice, in a dozen states, boards will only grant a license if the home state requires "substantially equivalent" education, experience, or training to receive a license. West Virginia joins 8 other states which recognize a home state license if it has a "similar scope of practice."

Morrisey said universal licensing will help the state's economy grow.

"When other states passed universal licensing, it helped increase their workforce by thousands. This is going to ensure that nurses, doctors, contractors, Realtors, skilled workers, you can move to West Virginia, and you can get to work right away," he asserted.

States with universal licensing laws have seen increased migration and job creation, according to the America First Policy Institute.

Utah labor unions are working to repeal the state's recent ban on collective bargaining for public employees - and they're on a tight timeline. The coalition known as "Protect Utah Workers" is working to gather 141,000 signatures by tomorrow, to get the issue on the 2026 ballot. Backers of the law that was House Bill 267 argue it will make public employers' wages and benefits more competitive.

Donavan Minutes, a Salt Lake City firefighter, said collective bargaining is about more than higher wages, and added that it is also about safety, especially in his line of work.

"We're able to have 'four-handed' staffing in Salt Lake City because our union fought and negotiated for that standard - that way, when there is an emergency, you have four highly trained firefighters that are prepared to show up," he explained. "And in contrast, you have other departments, they don't have the same collective bargaining power as we've been able to have."

Minutes added the peer support programs also run through their union make a positive difference. Those who want to ban collective bargaining argue tax dollars should serve the public, not union interests. But Protect Utah Workers says it's confident the group will reach the signature goal by tomorrow's deadline.

Hailey Higgins, Utah Education Association spokesperson, called HB 267 a "highly unpopular bill" and "a solution looking for a problem." She argued collective bargaining helps all employees, even those who aren't union members.

"It's not a political move, it just gives the people of Utah an opportunity to say whether they want their public unions to bargain collectively or not. We're confident we'll be able to get this on the November ballot of next year," she contended.

Utah has one of the most challenging referendum processes in the nation, requiring sponsors to get signatures from 8% of Utah voters, from at least 15 of the 29 Senate districts and within 30 days of the petition's launch. Higgins said it has been hard work, but is an effort worth fighting for.

"We could not have done what we have done so far without all of our supporters. We have law enforcement who have joined into this coalition, as well as mine workers, steel workers, nurses and food service workers," she continued. "It's been pretty remarkable to see the solidarity among our union partners, but also the public."